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Toggle navigation menu. Across the world many species of animal and plant are declining at a rapid rate. The loss of habitat is considered the leading cause of species decline.
As more animals are added to the endangered species list each year and habitat is being rapidly destroyed alternatives are needed to ensure these species do not become extinct in the wild management option to conserve these populations is to establish and maintain captive populations in ex-situ outside of their natural habitat.
This is where zoos and fauna sanctuaries can become involved. These establishments can play a large role in captive breeding programs as they have the facilities to house significant animals in a benign environment. Wildlife Biologists must understand how an endangered species uses its habitat and how they interact with each other in the wild.
Sadly, the reintroduction of these captive populations into natural habitats is not always successful. Due the small founder initial populations, many individuals in these populations become inbred and therefore their level of fitness is reduced.
This means that they are less likely to survive in the wild. Over species and subspecies of animals are bred in captivity in the US alone. Captive breeding is generally undertaken when a species has reached critical population levels where risk of extinction is likely.
These programs are usually undertaken with the following goals:. One of the problems with breeding threatened species in such a benign environment is that they may undergo evolutionary changes in ways that compromise their fitness in the wild. Captive populations may encounter different genetic problems in captivity influenced by their conditions. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service.
Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. You cannot download interactives. Students discuss endangered and threatened species and learn about captive-breeding programs.
Students complete a case study for one species in a captive-breeding program and evaluate the effectiveness of the program. Ever since humans began living in agricultural communities, farmers have sought to breed crops that produce higher yields, are more resilient, and taste better.
Over the centuries, farmers and scientists have developed a variety of methods to breed better crops. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. Skip to content. Twitter Facebook Pinterest Google Classroom. Have small groups use the Smithsonian and Association of Zoos and Aquarium websites to research and answer the following questions: What is a captive-breeding program , and what are the goals of this type of program?
Captive breeding programs breed endangered species in zoos and other facilities to build a healthy population of the animals and, sometimes, to reintroduce endangered species back into the wild. What is a species-survival plan , and what are the goals of this type of plan?
How can captive-breeding programs and species-survival plans contribute to biodiversity and the health of ecosystems? They ensure large, healthy, and genetically diverse populations that otherwise would not exist.
Distribute the Venn Diagram worksheet and ask students to list pros, cons, and specific examples of each as they explore the following questions: What are some difficulties with captive breeding?
What are the arguments against captive breeding programs? In what situations are artificial habitats beneficial?
In what situations might they be harmful? However, in some cases, efforts to retain genetic diversity can also slow down the rate of population size increase because the retention of diversity is often facilitated by equalizing the number of offspring from each set of parents. Managing captive populations in such a way that genetic diversity is not lost and population size is increased, then, becomes important in order to manage these sometimes-conflicting goals.
This is particularly true if the goal of the captive breeding program is reintroduction of populations into wild habitats. Florida, CC Attribution 2. If you have trouble accessing this page because of a disability, please contact the Webmaster at fnrweb purdue. Captive Breeding.
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