What is the significance of the gifts Boo Radley leaves in the knothole? Why does the jury find Tom guilty? What role does Calpurnia play in the family and in the novel? Why is Dill an important character? What does Mrs. Dubose teach Scout and Jem? Why does Dolphus Raymond hide Coca-Cola in a brown paper bag? Why does Mayella Ewell lie on the witness stand? What qualities make Atticus a good father? Why does Aunt Alexandra move into the Finch household? Summary Chapters 20— Summary: Chapter 20 Mr.
Summary: Chapter 21 Calpurnia hands Atticus a note telling him that his children have not been home since noon. Summary: Chapter 22 That night, Jem cries, railing against the injustice of the verdict.
Analysis: Chapters 20—22 It is easy to criticize Mr. Previous section Chapters 18—19 Next section Chapters 23— Similarly, in defending Tom Robinson, Atticus tries to protect the community from its most dangerous, racist tendencies. In the first sentence of the novel, Scout says that Jem broke his arm. She starts to explain what happened but says that she needs to go back and provide the necessary context in order for the story to make sense. Jem breaks his arm in the struggle.
While initially the reader might assume Jem broke his arm through innocent childhood games, by the end of the novel we understand the darker, more complicated truth behind the accident. In the early chapters of the book, Jem and Scout find several small items, ranging from sticks of gum to a pocket watch, left by Boo Radley in the knothole of a tree on the Radley property. These gifts are the first of several kindnesses that Boo extends to the children, ultimately culminating in Boo killing Bob Ewell to protect Jem.
The gifts also represent one of the ways that Boo tries to engage with the world around him without giving up the secrecy and privacy that he requires.
Despite his reclusive nature, Boo engages the Finch children in a more generous and kind way than many of the other adults that they encounter. Another reason the jury finds Tom guilty is because both Mayella Ewell and her father, Bob, both perjured themselves on the stand.
But both Mayella and Bob lied rather than admit that Mayella tried to kiss Tom. Calpurnia is a surrogate mother to Jem and Scout who teaches them about good manners, hard work, and honesty.
As children, Dill and Scout pretend that they are engaged to be married. He visits Maycomb every summer, and as it becomes clearer that his own family is erratic and insecure, readers understand that the Finches and his Aunt Stephanie are, in fact, his true family. He represents both childhood innocence and friendship. Although she is a mean, racist neighbor, Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose teaches the children a lesson in courage.
As Jem reads aloud to her every day for a month—a punishment for destroying her camellia bushes after she harshly criticizes Atticus—she weans herself from her morphine addiction by refusing her medicine for longer and longer each day. Click to see full answer. Keeping this in view, how long was the jury out to kill a mockingbird? They were out thirty minutes and this matters because it shows that the verdict wasn't an immediate decision.
How does Bob Ewell react to the verdict? He verbally and physically harms everyone associated with the defending side of the jury. Similarly, why does the jury take so long in To Kill a Mockingbird?
Atticus tells Scout and Jem that the jury took longer than he expected to come to a verdict because "there was one fellow who took considerable wearing down - in the beginning he was rarin' for an outright acquittal". To the children's surprise, that fellow was a relation of the Cunninghams. After hearing the verdict, Jem is crushed by the decision, and he loses a great deal of his childhood innocence. Mayella had multiple motives for falsely accusing Tom Robinson of her rape.
Mayella accused Tom because she was forced to by her father, Bob Ewell and because that man is her father. It is made very clear during the trial that it was not Tom Robinson who raped Mayella Ewell, but instead her own father. Since Scout does not mention the clock striking twelve, the verdict is delivered sometime during the hour of eleven and before midnight. Therefore, the jury most likely was deliberating between the hours of or at least before midnight-- which accounts to about 6 hours.
Who killed Bob Ewell? Atticus tells Jem not to be disheartened because he will appeal Tom's case, and they stand a much better chance of winning on appeal. The neighborhood is abuzz with talk of the trial, and Miss Stephanie questions the children relentlessly until Miss Maudie sides with Atticus and puts an end to the discussion. In the days following the trial, Bob Ewell publicly threatens Atticus, which frightens the children. However, Atticus uses the opportunity to further educate his children on the ways of the world.
As they look forward to the appeal, Scout asks if Walter Cunningham can come over to play, which Aunt Alexandra firmly refuses to allow.
In the process, Aunt Alexandra hurts Scout's feelings horribly, prompting Jem to guess why Boo Radley chooses to stay inside. In these chapters, Scout and Jem continue to mature as they begin to understand the importance of respect and integrity.
From the moment Atticus was assigned to defend Tom, he's been telling the children that he couldn't face them or God if he didn't try to free this man. But as the trial ends, the children gain new insight into their father. Scout is quite surprised when Reverend Skyes makes her stand along with the rest of the balcony as her father passes by. Lee deftly adds to the impact of the respect the African American community has for Atticus by ending a chapter with this action. The children are bitterly disappointed by the loss, but Miss Maudie helps them see it in a new light when she says, "'I thought, Atticus Finch won't win, he can't win, but he's the only man in these parts who can keep a jury out so long on a case like that.
The importance of respect is further delineated when Atticus tells the children that having a Cunningham on the jury actually helped his case, mainly because Scout earned Walter Cunningham's respect at the jail. And, Atticus changes Jem's definition of bravery, equating it with integrity, by his reaction to being spat on and threatened by Bob Ewell. Mockingbird symbolism runs throughout these chapters, as well.
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